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''In Concert 1972'' is a double live album by sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar and sarodya Ali Akbar Khan, released in 1973 on Apple Records. It was recorded at the Philharmonic Hall, New York City, in October 1972, and is a noted example of the two Hindustani classical musicians' celebrated ''jugalbandi'' (duet) style of playing. With accompaniment from tabla player Alla Rakha, the performance reflects the two artists' sorrow at the recent death of their revered guru, and Khan's father, Allauddin Khan. The latter was responsible for many innovations in Indian music during the twentieth century, including the call-and-response dialogue that musicians such as Shankar, Khan and Rakha popularised among Western audiences in the 1960s. The album features three ragas, including "Raga Sindhi Bhairavi", which Ali Akbar Khan had previously interpreted on his landmark recording ''Music of India'' (1955). ''In Concert 1972'' has received critical acclaim; Ken Hunt of ''Gramophone'' magazine describes it as a "sometimes smouldering, sometimes fiery, masterpiece" and "the living, fire-breathing embodiment of one of the greatest partnerships ever forged in Hindustani (music )".〔 Produced by George Harrison, Zakir Hussain and Phil McDonald, the album was the final Shankar-related release on the Beatles' Apple label, following his and Harrison's work together on ''Raga'' and ''The Concert for Bangladesh''. Apple reissued ''In Concert'' in 1996 and 2004, reuniting the 50-minute "Raga Manj Khamaj", which had previously been split over two LP sides. ==Background== Along with other leading figures in the field of Hindustani classical music such as Pannalal Ghosh and Annapurna Devi,〔Lavezzoli, pp. 33, 52.〕 Ali Akbar Khan and Ravi Shankar trained in the Maihar gharana under Khan and Devi's father, the teacher and multi-instrumentalist Allauddin Khan.〔Craig Harris, ("Allauddin Khan" ), AllMusic (retrieved 31 October 2013).〕〔Massey, pp. 142–43.〕 Known as "Baba",〔Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 58, 60.〕 the latter is recognised as one of the great Indian classical music innovators of the twentieth century,〔〔Arnold, pp. 203–04.〕 having composed up to 600 pieces of music and been responsible for modernising two of its most important string instruments – the sitar and the sarod.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 30–31, 54.〕 Author Peter Lavazzoli credits Baba's various contributions as having "shaped ... much of what the West knows as Indian classical music" via Shankar and Khan's subsequent work.〔Lavezzoli, p. 16.〕 Of the two musicians, Khan, as a master sarodya, was the first to achieve international recognition,〔Lavezzoli, pp. 59–61.〕 with a visit to New York that culminated in his 1955 album ''Music of India: Morning and Evening Ragas''.〔Ken Hunt, ("Ustad Ali Akbar Khan: Sarod maestro who played with Ravi Shankar and appeared at the Concert for Bangladesh" ), ''The Independent'', 25 June 2009 (retrieved 31 October 2013).〕〔William Grimes, ("Ali Akbar Khan, Sarod Virtuoso, Dies at 87" ), ''New York Times'', 19 June 2009 (retrieved 31 October 2013).〕 The latter was the first album of Indian classical music,〔 and its success led to Shankar recording his debut, ''Three Ragas'' (1956), in London.〔Lavezzoli, p. 61.〕 While highly regarded as solo artists, Shankar and Khan's duets, known as ''jugalbandi'', were similarly acclaimed from the 1950s onwards.〔''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 76.〕 Music critic Ken Hunt writes of the "tigerish potential for male (sarod) and female (sitar) dialogue" in their ''jugalbandi'' combination.〔 Another Baba legacy was the ''jawal-sawal'' (call-and-response) interplay between solo instruments and the twin hand-drum tabla – a dialogue that Shankar, especially, popularised with Western rock audiences, through his and tabla player Alla Rakha's performances at Monterrey and Woodstock in the late 1960s.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 38, 208.〕 Compared to the more traditional musical path adopted by Khan,〔 Shankar experimented with genres outside Indian classical music and increasingly associated with Western artists, including George Harrison and Philip Glass.〔Reginald Massey, ("Ravi Shankar obituary" ), ''The Guardian'', 12 December 2012 (retrieved 1 November 2013).〕 Born in East Bengal (now part of Bangladesh), Khan joined Shankar on stage at Madison Square Garden, New York, in August 1971 for the Concert for Bangladesh, organised by Harrison.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 187, 190.〕〔Reginald Massey, ("Obituary: Ali Akbar Khan" ), ''The Guardian'', 22 June 2009 (retrieved 31 October 2013).〕 Just over a year afterwards, on 8 October 1972, Shankar and Khan were recorded at another New York venue, the Philharmonic (now Avery Fisher) Hall, accompanied again by Rakha.〔Castleman & Podrazik, p. 122.〕 Shankar often commented on the warm reception afforded him by audiences in America,〔Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', p. 99.〕 where New York had been the first Western city to embrace Indian music.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 58, 99.〕〔Sue C. Clark, ("Ravi Shankar: The ''Rolling Stone'' Interview" ), ''Rolling Stone'', 9 March 1968 (retrieved 25 November 2013).〕 As at the Bangladesh shows, there was a poignancy to this 1972 performance, following the death of Allauddin Khan in September that year.〔〔''World Music: The Rough Guide'', pp. 77, 78.〕 As their music guru, Baba had remained a revered figure in their lives,〔Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 58, 65, 85.〕 and a man considered a saint in his home town of Maihar.〔Lavezzoli, pp. 15, 33.〕 In ''My Music, My Life'', Shankar's 1968 autobiography, he writes admiringly of Baba "follow() a way of life that was a beautiful fusion of the best of both Hinduism and Islam", and being similarly broadminded in his musical vision by "() us away from the confines of narrow specialization that prevailed in our music".〔Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', pp. 59, 62.〕 The ensuing duet at the Philharmonic Hall was a passionate musical exchange between Shankar and Khan, a performance that "far surpasses a tribute frozen in time", according to Hunt.〔Ken Hunt, "Review: Ravi Shankar Ali Akbar Khan, ''In Concert 1972''", ''Gramophone'', June 1997, p. 116 ((archived version ) retrieved 30 October 2013).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「In Concert 1972」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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